Peter Drucker introduced the idea of Management by Objectives and Self-Control (MbO) as all encompassing management concept, which he set in context in The Practice of Management:

The word ‘philosophy’ is tossed around with happy abandon these days in management circles [to create effect to mask the lack of substance]. But management by objectives and self-control may legitimately be called a ‘philosophy’ of management. It rests on a concept of human action, human behaviour and human motivation. Finally, it applies to every manager, whatever his level and function, and to any business enterprise whether large or small. It ensures performance by converting objective needs into personal goals. And this is genuine freedom, freedom under the law.